Summary
IDEF (Integration Definition) is a family of languages, suited to modelling data exchanges as part of systems or software engineering.
Example
Applies when
You want a graphical representation of the activities and data transfers involved in a system, including input, output and associated control. Ideal for large distributed systems, where understanding the flow of data is important. Has been applied to support the optimisation of manufacturing process.
Advantages
Easy to understand and interpret, based upon an underpinning mathematical rigour. The documentation is open and available, the technique is independent of technology and the domain of application.
Disadvantages
Can get confusing and complex. The tools used to generate IDEF representations may not be integrated with other system or software development techniques. To some extent, IDEF has been superseded by more recent and widely adopted languages (UML).
How
As per guidance on www.idef.com.
Also consider using
DODAF, MODAF, PetriNets, SAINT, UML. (It may be possible to map between IDEF and DODAF / MODAF)

